Âàêöèíàöèÿ ïðîòèâ äèôòåðèè è ñòîëáíÿêà äåòåé, èìåþùèõ â àíàìíåçå ñîëèäíûå îïóõîëè
Ó÷èòûâàÿ ýòî, ìû èññëåäîâàëè ïîêàçàòåëè èììóííîãî ñòàòóñà ó äåòåé, íàõîäèâøèõñÿ â ôàçå ðåìèññèè ïîñëå îêîí÷àíèÿ ñïåöèôè÷åñêîãî ïðîòèâîîïóõîëåâîãî ëå÷åíèÿ.
1. ÏÎÊÀÇÀÒÅËÈ ÊËÅÒÎ×ÍÎÃÎ ÈÌÌÓÍÈÒÅÒÀ Ó ÄÅÒÅÉ Ñ ÎÏÓÕÎËßÌÈ Â ÀÍÀÌÍÅÇÅ Â ÑÐÀÂÍÅÍÈÈ Ñ ÂÎÇÐÀÑÒÍÛÌÈ ÍÎÐÌÀÌÈ.
Âñåãî íàìè áûëî îáñëåäîâàíî 120 äåòåé â âîçðàñòå îò 4 äî 15 ëåò, èìåþùèõ â àíàìíåçå ñîëèäíûå îïóõîëè è çàêîí÷èâøèõ ñïåöèôè÷åñêîå ëå÷åíèå â ñðîêè áîëåå 2-õ ëåò òîìó íàçàä.
Ìû ñðàâíèëè ïîêàçàòåëè èììóííîãî ñòàòóñà 93 äåòåé â âîçðàñòå îò 7 äî 15 ëåò ñ âîçðàñòíûìè íîðìàìè èììóíîëîãè÷åñêèõ ïîêàçàòåëåé, ïðèíÿòûìè â ÍÈÈ ÄÎèà ÎÍÖ ÐÀÌÍ (14, 58). Ðåçóëüòàòû èññëåäîâàíèÿ ïðåäñòàâëåíû â òàáëèöå 4.
Ïðè àíàëèçå ïîëó÷åííûõ äàííûõ áûëî âûÿâëåíî, ÷òî ó äåòåé, èçëå÷åííûõ îò îíêîëîãè÷åñêèõ çàáîëåâàíèé, èìåþòñÿ îòêëîíåíèÿ îò âîçðàñòíîé íîðìû, âûðàæåííûå â äîñòîâåðíîì ñíèæåíèè îòíîñèòåëüíîãî è àáñîëþòíîãî ÷èñëà ëèìôîöèòîâ, Â-ëèìôîöèòîâ, îòíîñèòåëüíîãî ÷èñëà çðåëûõ Ò-ëèìôîöèòîâ (CD3+), Ò- ñóïðåññîðîâ (CD8+), èìååòñÿ òåíäåíöèÿ ê ïîâûøåíèþ àáñîëþòíîãî è îòíîñèòåëüíîãî ÷èñëà Ò-õåëïåðîâ (CD4+), èììóíîðåãóëÿòîðíîãî èíäåêñà (ÈÐÈ).
Òàáëèöà 4. ÑÐÀÂÍÈÒÅËÜÍÀß ÕÀÐÀÊÒÅÐÈÑÒÈÊÀ ÏÎÊÀÇÀÒÅËÅÉ ÊËÅÒÎ×ÍÎÃÎ ÈÌÌÓÍÈÒÅÒÀ ÄÅÒÅÉ, ÈÌÅÞÙÈÕ Â ÀÍÀÌÍÅÇÅ ÑÎËÈÄÍÛÅ ÎÏÓÕÎËÈ È ÇÄÎÐÎÂÛÕ ÄÅÒÅÉ Â ÂÎÇÐÀÑÒÅ 7-15 ËÅÒ.
ÏÎÊÀÇÀÒÅËÜ |
ÇÄÎÐÎÂÛÅ (íîðìà) |
Áîëüíûå, n=93 | |||
Ì+/- |
m |
M+/- |
m |
<p | |
Ëåéêîöèòû |
6000 |
260 |
7521 |
259.3 |
0.01 |
Ëèìôîöèòû ,% |
39.5 |
0.7 |
34.8 |
0.8 |
0.01 |
Ëèìôîöèòû, abs. |
3500 |
300 |
2605.7 |
102.7 |
0.01 |
CD3, % |
71 |
1.0 |
67.6 |
0.9 |
0.05 |
CD3, abs. |
1700 |
60 |
1744 |
67.7 |
- |
CD4, % |
37 |
0.8 |
39.2 |
0.8 |
0.1 |
CD4, abs |
900 |
40 |
1023.2 |
46.7 |
0.1 |
CD8, % |
31 |
0.8 |
25.8 |
0.6 |
0.01 |
CD8, abs |
750 |
30 |
670.7 |
32.5 |
0.1 |
NK-cell, % |
12.5 |
1.3 |
10.9 |
0.7 |
- |
NK-cell, abs |
250 |
10 |
256.7 |
19.9 |
- |
B-cell, % |
12.5 |
1.0 |
9.5 |
0.5 |
0.05 |
B-cell, abs |
400 |
20 |
246.8 |
17.8 |
0.01 |
CD4/CD8 |
1.25 |
0.1 |
1.6 |
0.1 |
0.1 |
Îäíàêî, ñðåäíèå çíà÷åíèÿ ïîêàçàòåëåé èììóííîãî ñòàòóñà ó äåòåé, ïåðåíåñøèõ îíêîëîãè÷åñêèå çàáîëåâàíèÿ è íàõîäÿùèõñÿ â ñîñòîÿíèè ðåìèññèè áîëåå 2 ëåò, íàõîäÿòñÿ â ïðåäåëàõ âîçðàñòíîé íîðìû, ïðèíÿòûõ â Ðîññèè è ðàâíûõ Ì+/-1,5 δ (14, 58).
Ìû ïðîàíàëèçèðîâàëè íàïðàâëåííîñòü èçìåíåíèé èììóííîãî ñòàòóñà, õàðàêòåðíóþ äëÿ òàêèõ äåòåé. Íàèáîëüøèå îòêëîíåíèÿ ïîêàçàòåëåé êëåòî÷íîãî èììóíèòåòà ó äåòåé ñòàðøå 7 ëåò êàñàþòñÿ çðåëûõ Ò-ëèìôîöèòîâ (CD3+) è Ò-ñóïðåññîðîâ (CD8+) - îíè âûðàæåíû â ñíèæåíèè èõ îòíîñèòåëüíîãî ÷èñëà îòíîñèòåëüíî âîçðàñòíîé íîðìû ó 45,6% è 54,4% äåòåé ñîîòâåòñòâåííî, ó 61,3% äåòåé ñíèæåíî àáñîëþòíîå ÷èñëî Â-ëèìôîöèòîâ, èììóíîðåãóëÿòîðíûé èíäåêñ ïîâûøåí ó 45,6% îáñëåäîâàííûõ äåòåé, ó 44,4% ïàöèåíòîâ áûëî ñíèæåíî ïðîöåíòíîå ñîäåðæàíèå ëèìôîöèòîâ. Ðåçóëüòàòû àíàëèçà ïðåäñòàâëåíû â òàáëèöå 5.
Òàáëèöà 5. ÎÒÊËÎÍÅÍÈß ÎÒ ÑÐÅÄÍÅÉ ÂÎÇÐÀÑÒÍÎÉ ÍÎÐÌÛ ÎÒÍÎÑÈÒÅËÜÍÛÕ ÏÎÊÀÇÀÒÅËÅÉ ÊËÅÒÎ×ÍÎÃÎ ÈÌÌÓÍÈÒÅÒÀ Ó ÄÅÒÅÉ ÑÒÀÐØÅ 7 ËÅÒ, ÈÌÅÞÙÈÕ Â ÀÍÀÌÍÅÇÅ ÑÎËÈÄÍÛÅ ÎÏÓÕÎËÈ. (n=93)
ÏÎÊÀÇÀÒÅËÜ |
ÌÅÍÜØÅ ÍÎÐÌÛ |
ÁÎËÜØÅ ÍÎÐÌÛ | ||||||
n |
% |
M +/- |
-m |
n |
% |
M +/- |
-m | |
Ëåéêîöèòû |
10 |
11 |
4130 |
102 |
35 |
37.6 |
9577.1 |
289 |
Ëèìôîöèòû ,% |
40 |
44.4 |
29.8 |
0.8 |
8 |
8.8 |
46 |
0.9 |
Ëèìôîöèòû, abs. |
20 |
21.5 |
1500.4 |
71 |
0 |
- |
- |
- |
CD3, % |
41 |
45.6 |
56. |
1.4 |
13 |
14.4 |
81.2 |
0.8 |
CD3, abs. |
25 |
26.9 |
1039 |
48 |
23 |
24.7 |
2375.1 |
61.2 |
CD4, % |
22 |
24.4 |
25.9 |
1.1 |
28 |
31 |
47.5 |
0.9 |
CD4, abs |
19 |
20.4 |
514 |
30 |
29 |
31.2 |
1371.8 |
42 |
CD8, % |
49 |
54.4 |
20.5 |
0.6 |
4 |
4.4 |
37.3 |
0.6 |
CD8, abs |
41 |
44.1 |
437.7 |
18 |
14 |
15.05 |
1163.9 |
40.6 |
NK-cell, % |
20 |
22.2 |
3.8 |
0.3 |
10 |
11 |
25.9 |
1.8 |
NK-cell, abs |
38 |
40.7 |
132.3 |
7.7 |
16 |
17.2 |
483.9 |
36.6 |
B-cell, % |
25 |
26.9 |
4 |
0.3 |
5 |
5.4 |
20.4 |
0.4 |
B-cell, abs |
57 |
61.3 |
161.3 |
9.4 |
6 |
6.5 |
621.4 |
34 |
CD4/CD8 |
19 |
21 |
0.9 |
0.03 |
41 |
45.6 |
2.12 |
0.1 |