2.5 Терминал «Народ»

Люди представлены с различных позиций. Упоминается население в целом: Russians, nation, Russian people, ordinary Russians; отдельные возрастные группы: pensioners, youngs, teenager; представители различных профессий: journalists, managers, schoolteachers, headmistress, lawyers, а также различные социальные группы: oligarchs, elite, tycoon, businessmen:

Ordinary Russians are feeling the pinch as factories struggle to stay afloat and companies lay off employees (The Independent, 2 February 2009);

Russians, of course, are used to snow (The Guardian, 2 February 2009);

After weeks without a reply the teenager was suddenly summoned to see her headmistress at her village school in Kalitvensky near Rostov . (The Times, 6 February 2009);

Four years ago impoverished pensioners rocked the government into improving benefits (The Independent, 17 February 2009);

The tycoon – who bought the Evening Standard in January – said he was undaunted and would continue his campaign (The Guardian, 13 April 2009);

… the existence of two centres of authority is creating friction inside the elite (Times Online, 26 January 2009);

The elites are better informed than the rest of the population, have more to lose, and understand just how bad things are (The Independent, 2 February);

… the focus will be on defending the currency and preventing banks and oligarchs, many of whom have huge debts to Western banks, from ruin (The Independent, 2 February 2009).

В исследуемых статьях упоминаются также имена отдельных личностей. Как правило, это олигархи и известные журналисты, придерживающиеся антиправительственных взглядов, реже политические деятели.

В связи с мировым финансовым кризисом британские журналисты «подсчитывают убытки» богатых людей России:

Roman Abramovich has lost more than $20bn, according to Bloomberg, though he is believed to have large cash stocks and was less indebted to banks than some counterparts;

Oleg Deripaska, Russia's richest man last year, had lost $28.4bn – moving him into the red;

Vladimir Potanin reportedly lost $13.2bn after his stock in the company plunged by 65 per cent, fuelling rumours of an imminent merger;

Alisher Usmanov, the metals billionaire and Arsenal shareholder, has reportedly suffered losses of more than $14bn;

Alexei Mordashov, steel magnate, has lost up to three-quarters of his $22bn paper fortune (The Independent, 5 February 2009).

Политических деятелей, имена которых упоминаются британскими журналистами в исследуемых статьях, можно разделить на тех, кто поддерживает нынешнее правительство (Рамзан Кадыров, Андрей Луговой) и тех, кто выступает против него (Гарри Каспаров, Борис Немцов):

Ramzan Kadyrov, Chechnya’s pro-Kremlin president (The Sunday Times, 26 April 2009);

Andrei Lugovoy, a former KGB officer and now member of the Russian parliament (The Times, 25 March 2009);

Mikhail Gorbachev yesterday joined a chorus of influential Russians criticising the handling of the economic crisis (The Observer, 18 January 2009);

Kremlin critic Boris Nemtsov and communist Yuri Dzaganiya (The Guardian, 13 April 2009);

Russia's anti-Kremlin Solidarity party, headed by the opposition leader and former chess champion Garry Kasparov (The Guardian, 17 March 2009).

Особое внимание британских журналистов привлекает фигура бизнесмена-англофила Александра Лебедева (персонально ему посвящено несколько статей). Это происходит по нескольким причинам.

Во-первых, этот человек недавно приобрел лондонскую газету Standard Evening: The tycoon … boughttheEveningStandard in January (The Guardian, 13 April 2009).

Во-вторых, это единственный олигарх в России, который «может себе позволить открыто критиковать Кремль»: He … is alone among Russia’s super-rich tocriticisetheKremlinopenly (The Times, 23 January 2009);

… he says things the other oligarchs would not dare utter, especially when he publicly criticises the government, хотя некоторые считают, что не все на самом деле так, как кажется: On the other hand, this being Russia, it would be a mistake to think of him as an opposition figure. In my view he’s closer to those in power than he likes to admit publicly (The Sunday Times, 18 January 2009).

В-третьих, Лебедев остается загадкой для англичан, его слова и поступки вызывают удивление: While the average Russian oligarch was flaunting fur and partying hard in the ski resort of Courchevel earlier this month, Alexander Lebedev went on holiday to the desert … One of the most intriguing aspects of Lebedev is his playfulness and complexity. Sometimes you never quite know whether he is joking.

So who is this guy: tinker, tailor, media mogul, philanthropist or spy? (The Sunday Times, 18 January 2009).

Красной нитью в британских СМИ проходит тема нарушения прав человека, особенно остро данная проблема стоит в Чечне. В связи с этим появляются имена известных журналистов (Политковская, Бобурова, Бекетов), диссидентов (Литвиненко), а также имена адвокатов (Маркелов), защищающих тех, чьи права «были ущемлены»: в основном, это выходцы из республик Северного Кавказа (Израилов). Однако этих людей связывает не только общность их деятельности, но и то, что о них говорят в прошедшем времени, так как все эти люди тем или иным способом были убиты.

Markelov was one of Russia's most famous human rights defenders and a close colleague of the murdered opposition journalist Anna Politkovskaya. They had worked on numerous cases - travelling to Chechnya together and representing Chechens whose relatives had disappeared (The Guardian, 28 January 2009);

On 13 January, Umar Israilov, an opponent of Chechnya's president, Ramzan Kadyrov, was shot dead in Vienna, again in broad daylight;

Igor Domnikov, Novaya Gazeta reporter, was attacked and died from head injuries in 2000;

Paul Klebnikov, the American-Russian journalist, was shot in Moscow in 2004, a year after publishing a book about a Chechen warlord, and after publishing lists of oligarchs in the Russian Forbes;

In 2008, Magomed Yevloyev, owner of the Ingushetia.ru website, which reported on human rights abuses during counter-terrorist operations in Ingushetia, was killed in a police car, according to Human Rights Watch (New Statesman, 5 February 2009).

Дело о кончине Александра Литвиненко имеет особое значение для Британии, так как трагедия произошла на территории этой страны, а также по причине того, что Россия отказывается выдать британским властям Андрея Лугового, которого Британия считает «основным подозреваемым» по этому делу:

Britain's extradition request for former KGB agent Andrei Lugovoi, wanted in connection with the Litvinenko murder, meanwhile remains blocked (The Guardian, 13 April 2009);